{"id":21,"date":"2009-01-01T14:31:01","date_gmt":"2009-01-01T21:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-nnrozanov.org\/wp\/?page_id=21"},"modified":"2025-10-09T11:43:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:43:09","slug":"51-example-1-protium51-ejemplo-1-el-proti51-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80-1-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/?page_id=21","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1lculo de los par\u00e1metros y del coeficiente gravitacional del protio (\u00a6H)"},"content":{"rendered":"Numero de visitas - 115216<br\/><div class='epvc-post-count'><span class='epvc-eye'><\/span>  <span class=\"epvc-count\"> 4.539<\/span><span class='epvc-label'> - Visitantes<\/span><\/div><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/E_V_R\/?page_id=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4638\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/flag-rus-100-50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"50\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">\u00a0 <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4637\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/flag-eng-100-50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"50\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"copyright_1.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/copyright.ru\/images\/TMCIMG\/copyright_1.gif\" alt=\"copyright_1.gif\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\"><em><strong>\u00a9 2006<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\"><strong><em>Los Autores \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/?page_id=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N.N.Roz\u00e1nov, O.N.Roz\u00e1nov<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Las traducciones de los t\u00edtulos, de los art\u00edculos, de los libros, de las citaciones y declaraciones de los\u00a0cient\u00edficos \u2013 posiblemente\u00a0\u00a0no coinciden letra a letra\u00a0con las traducciones oficiales, si tal existieran.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Estimados lectores, esta es la versi\u00f3n actualizada del c\u00e1lculo del valor de la carga electrodin\u00e1mica negativa adicional (coeficiente gravitacional <em><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>(- \u0394q)<\/strong><\/span><\/em>) para el \u00e1tomo de protio, cuyo algoritmo ha sido simplificado. La versi\u00f3n de 2006, para los interesados, estar\u00e1 disponible en formato <em><strong>PDF<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Como base para el c\u00e1lculo se utiliza el valor de la energ\u00eda de enlace del \u00e1tomo y, dado que:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\">1<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><sub>(eV) <\/sub><\/em><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em>=<\/em> 1,6021892 \u00d7 10<sup>-19<\/sup><sub><em>(j<\/em><em>)<\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">respectivamente, la energ\u00eda de enlace del par prot\u00f3n-electr\u00f3n <em>(antiprot\u00f3n-positr\u00f3n)<\/em> en julios es:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>E<\/strong><sub>(\u00a6H) <\/sub><\/em><strong>= 13,62323824<\/strong> <em><sub>(eV) <\/sub><strong>=<\/strong><\/em><strong> 2,182700518 \u00d7 10<sup>-18<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(J)<\/em><\/sub><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Considerando la relaci\u00f3n de masas y energ\u00edas del electr\u00f3n y el prot\u00f3n (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\mp}{p}\\right)<\/span> &gt; <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\pm}{e}\\right)<\/span> en ~1836 veces), calculamos la distribuci\u00f3n de las energ\u00edas cin\u00e9ticas en el par para el electr\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>2,182700518 \u00d7 10<sup>-18<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(J) <\/em><\/sub><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/<\/span> <\/em>1836 <em>=<\/em> 0,001188835 \u00d7 10<sup>-18<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>1,18883470479302832244008714597 \u00d7 10<sup>-21<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">y para el prot\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>2,182700518 \u00d7 10<sup>-18<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J)<\/sub><\/em> <strong>&#8211; 0,001188835 \u00d7 10<sup>-18<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J)<\/sub> = <\/em><strong>2,181511683 \u00d7 10<sup>-1<\/sup><sup>8<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">A continuaci\u00f3n, estableceremos el cuadrado de la velocidad lineal, para el electr\u00f3n y el prot\u00f3n, utilizando la ecuaci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><b>T = <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span>&#8216; \u00d7 V<sup>2<\/sup> <span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/<\/span> 2<\/b> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">de donde:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><b>V<sup>2<\/sup> = 2T<sup>\u00a0<\/sup>\/ <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span>&#8216;,<\/b><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">donde la masa relativista es igual a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span>&#8216; = <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span><\/strong><sub>(0) <\/sub><strong>+ (T\/C<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">ya que:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>\u0394<span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span> = T \/ C<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><b>1 <\/b><sub><em>(uma)<\/em><\/sub><b> = 1,660 539 066 605 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/b><sub><em>(kg) <\/em><\/sub><\/span>&#8211; Wikipedia, valor recomendado desde 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"avatar_spinner_animation ng-tns-c3750023994-49\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left ( \\overset{\\pm}{e} \\right )<\/span> = <strong>5,4857990906516 \u00d7 10<sup>-4 <\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(uma)<\/em><\/sub>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><strong>m<\/strong><\/span><sub>(0)<\/sub> <strong>= <\/strong><\/em><strong>1,6605390666 \u00d710<sup>\u2212<\/sup><sup>27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag) <\/sub>\u00d7 <\/em><strong>5,4857990906 \u00d710<sup>-4<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(uma) <\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em>= <\/em>9,109383701573165645249818 \u00d7 10<sup>\u2212 31<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>\u0394<span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span><\/strong><\/em> <strong>=<em> T\/C<sup>2<\/sup><\/em> =<\/strong> <strong>1,1888347048\u00d710<sup>-21<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J)<\/sub><\/em> <strong><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/ <\/span>8,98755182 \u00d7 10<sup>16<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043c\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\/seg <sup>2<\/sup>)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em>= <\/em>0,13227569961238101906600046128802 \u00d7 10<sup>-37<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>\u0394<span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span><\/strong><\/em> <strong>= 0,000000132275699612381019 \u00d7 10<sup>-31<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span>&#8216;<\/strong><\/em> <strong>=<\/strong> <strong>9,1093837015 \u00d7 10<sup>\u221231<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag) <\/sub><strong>+<\/strong> <\/em><strong>0,0000001323 \u00d7 10<sup>-31<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag) <\/sub><\/em><strong>=<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 9,109383833848865257630837 \u00d7 10<sup>-31<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(\u043ag)<\/em><\/sub><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 0,0009109383833848865257630837 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(\u043ag)<\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">V<\/span><sup>2 <\/sup><\/em>= <em>2T \/ <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span>&#8216;<\/em>\u00a0=<\/strong> <strong>2 \u00d7 1,1888347047 \u00d7 10<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sup>21<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(J) <\/sub><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/ <\/span>9,1093838338 \u00d7 10<sup>-31<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(\u043ag)<\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 0,26101319836266598658835996234983 \u00d7 10<sup>10 <\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(m<sup>2<\/sup>\/seg<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 26,101319836266598658835996234983 \u00d7 10<sup>8<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(m<sup>2<\/sup>\/seg<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/em><\/sub><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><strong>V<\/strong> <\/span>= <\/em><strong>5,1089450805686489253191027290037\u00d710<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(m\/seg)<\/em><\/sub><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left ( \\overset{\\mp}{p} \\right )<\/span> <strong>= 1,007 276 466 621(53)<\/strong><sub><em> (uma)<\/em><\/sub>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><strong>m<\/strong><\/span><sub>(0)<\/sub> <strong>= <\/strong><\/em><strong>1,660 539 066 6 \u00d7 10<sup>\u221227<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub><\/em> <strong>\u00d7 1,007 276 466 6<\/strong><em><sub>(uma)<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 1,67262192369689786399700565 \u00d7 10<sup>\u221227<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em>\u0394<span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m <\/span><\/em>= 2,182700518 \u00d7 10<sup>-18<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(J) <\/em><\/sub><strong><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/<\/span><\/strong> <strong>8,987552 \u00d7 10<sup>16<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m<\/sub><sub><sup>2<\/sup><\/sub><sub>\/se<sup>g<\/sup><\/sub><sub><sup>2<\/sup><\/sub><sub>)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>=<\/strong> <strong>0,242858179624440559565052 \u00d7 10<sup>-34<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 0,0000000242858179624440559565052 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">m<\/span>&#8216;<\/strong><\/em> <strong>= 1,67262192369 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043a\u0433)<\/sub> <strong>+ <\/strong><\/em><strong>0,000000024285817 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 1,6726219479827158264410616065052 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">La velocidad lineal del prot\u00f3n se calcula utilizando la ecuaci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><em><strong>V<\/strong><\/em><\/span><sub><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\mp}{p}\\right)<\/span><\/sub> <em><strong>= <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">V<\/span><\/strong><\/em><sub><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\pm}{e}\\right)<\/span> <\/sub>\u00d7 <em>(<span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><strong>m<\/strong><\/span><\/em>&#8216;<sub><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\pm}{e}\\right)<\/span>\u00a0 <\/sub><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\"><em><strong>\/<\/strong><\/em><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><strong><em>m<\/em><\/strong><\/span>&#8216;<sub><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\mp}{p}\\right)<\/span><\/sub><em>)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><strong>9,1093838338 \u00d7 10<sup>-31<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(\u043ag) <\/em><\/sub><em><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\"><strong>\/ <\/strong><\/span><\/em><strong>1,6726219479 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag) <\/sub>\u00d7 <\/em><strong>5,1089450805 \u00d7 10<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m\/seg)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><strong>= 5,4461702148 \u00d7 10<sup>-4<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(\u043a\u0433)<\/em><\/sub>\u00d7 <strong>5,1089450805 \u00d7 10<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m\/seg)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><strong>= 27,824184527222679361551577751067<\/strong><em><sub>(m\/seg)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><strong>= 0,0027824184527222679361551577751 \u00d7 10<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(m\/seg)<\/em><\/sub><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Restamos la velocidad lineal del prot\u00f3n de la velocidad de movimiento del electr\u00f3n y obtenemos el valor de la diferencia de velocidad que corresponde a la excitaci\u00f3n <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Delta\\left(\\overset{-}{q}\\right)<\/span> en la diada, y al mismo tiempo igualamos el valor <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\overset{+}{\\gamma}<\/span><\/strong><\/span> a <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><strong>5,108945080 \u00d7 10<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m\/s)<\/sub><\/em> <strong>&#8211; 0,002782418452 \u00d7 10<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(m\/s)<\/em><\/sub> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 5,1061626621159266573829475712286 \u00d7 10<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(m\/s)<\/em><\/sub><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">o bien: <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><em><strong>V<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u00b2 = <strong>26,072897131986806982931986037314 \u00d7 10<sup>8<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m\u00b2\/s\u00b2)<\/sub><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">C\u00e1lculo del valor de <strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{-}{\\beta}\\right)^2<\/span><\/span><\/strong> para el electr\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em>\u03b2<sup>2 <\/sup><\/em>= V<sup>2 <\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/ <\/span><em>C<sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>26,072897131 \u00d7 10<sup>8<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m<sup>2<\/sup>\/s<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/sub><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\"><strong>\/ <\/strong><\/span><strong>8,98755182 \u00d7 10<sup>16<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(m<\/sub><\/em><em><sub><sup>2<\/sup><\/sub><\/em><em><sub>\/s<\/sub><\/em><em><sub><sup>2<\/sup><\/sub><\/em><em><sub>)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 2,9010010350056381630889985830773 \u00d7 10<sup>-8<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 0,00000002901001035005638163089.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Pasemos a los c\u00e1lculos:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-10-768x284-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5337\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-10-768x284-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-10-768x284-1.png 768w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-10-768x284-1-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-10-768x284-1-250x92.png 250w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-10-768x284-1-150x55.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em>((28) pag.180. (40) pag.209).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\overset{-}{\\gamma}<\/span><\/span> <strong>=<\/strong> <strong>1 \/(1 &#8211; 0,00000002901001035005638163089)<sup>\u00bd<\/sup><em>)<\/em> \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 1 \/(0,99999997098998964994361836911)<sup>\u00bd<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 1 \/0,999999985494994719774220094866<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 1,000000014505005490620961136295.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left|\\overset{-}{\\gamma} \\right|<\/span>+<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left| \\overset{+}{\\gamma}\\right|<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\">1,000000014505 +1 = 2,000000014505005490620961136295.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">A continuaci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-11-768x123-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5340\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-11-768x123-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-11-768x123-1.png 768w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-11-768x123-1-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-11-768x123-1-250x40.png 250w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-11-768x123-1-150x24.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Delta\\left(\\overset{-}{q}\\right)<\/span><\/span> <strong>=\u00a0 2,00000001450500549\u00a0\u00d7 ((1,6021892 \u00d7 10<sup>-19<\/sup>)<sup>2 <\/sup>+ (1,6021892\u00d710<sup>-19<\/sup>)<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong> <em>=<\/em> 2,00000001450500549 \u00d7 5,13402046519328 \u00d7 10<sup>-38<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(<\/em><em>c) <\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong> <em>=<\/em> 10,268041004855555036588907492935 \u00d7 10<\/strong><sup><strong>-38<\/strong> <\/sup><sub><em>(<\/em><em>c) <\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong> <em>=<\/em> &#8211; 1,0268041004855555036588907492935 \u00d7 10<sup>-37<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(<\/em><\/sub><em><sub>c)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">N\u00famero de \u00e1tomos en un kilogramo de <em><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>H\u2082<\/strong><\/span><\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>0,000910938383 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(\u043ag) <\/em><\/sub><strong><em>+ <\/em>1,6726219479827 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>= 1,6735328863661007129668246902052 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>N<\/strong><sub>(at\/kg)<\/sub><strong>= <\/strong><\/em><strong>1 <span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/ <\/span>1,6735328863661007129668246902052 \u00d7 10<sup>-27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(\u043ag)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>= <\/strong><\/em><strong>0,5975383024419639647589278802372 \u00d7 10<sup>27<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(at\/kg)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>= <\/strong><\/em><strong>5,9753830244196396475892788 \u00d7 10<sup>26<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(at\/kg)<\/sub>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Por lo tanto, el coeficiente <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><em><strong data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1443\">G<\/strong> <\/em><\/span>para <strong>el hidr\u00f3geno<\/strong> es:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-6-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5338 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-6-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-6-1.png 573w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-6-1-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-6-1-250x58.png 250w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/eq-6-1-150x35.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">donde<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1552\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>K<\/strong><\/span><\/em> \u2013 coeficiente el\u00e9ctrico en el sistema <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><em><strong>SI<\/strong><\/em> <strong>\u2013 8,9875517873 \u00d7 10<sup>9<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><sub><em>(N\u00d7m\u00b2\/c\u00b2)<\/em><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1554\" data-end=\"1609\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">N<\/span><\/strong><\/em> \u2013 n\u00famero de \u00e1tomos <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><em><strong>\u00a6H<\/strong><\/em><\/span> en<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><em> 1<\/em><\/strong><em><sub>(kg)<\/sub><\/em><\/span> de masa inerte de <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><em>H\u2082<\/em><\/strong><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>8,9875517873 \u00d7 10<sup>9<\/sup><span class=\"CCbrackets\">|- 1,0268041 <\/span>\u00d7 10<sup>-37<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(<\/em><\/sub><em><sub>c) <\/sub><\/em><strong>\u00d7 5,9753830244196 \u00d7 10<sup>26<\/sup><span class=\"CCbrackets\">|<sup>2 <\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><span class=\"CCbrackets\">=<\/span> 8,9875517873 \u00d7 10<sup>9<\/sup><span class=\"CCbrackets\">|- 6,13554779144586622464409 \u00d7 10<sup>-11<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"CCbrackets\"><strong>|<\/strong><sup><strong>2<\/strong> <\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\">= 8,9875517873 \u00d7 10<sup>9<\/sup> <span class=\"CCbrackets\">|<\/span>37,644946701116246740591916353762 \u00d7 10<sup>-22 <\/sup><span class=\"CCbrackets\">|<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>338,33590800643056229847467728519 \u00d7 10<sup>-13<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(N\u00d7m<sup>2<\/sup>\/kg<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/em><\/sub><em>;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 32px;\"><strong><em>G<\/em><\/strong><\/span><em><sub>(\u00a6H) <\/sub><\/em><strong>= 3,3833590800643056229847467728519 \u00d7 10<sup>-11<\/sup><\/strong><sub><em>(N\u00d7m<sup>2<\/sup>\/kg<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/em><\/sub>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4816 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-1024x632.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-1536x948.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-2048x1264.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-243x150.jpg 243w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anexo-2-1-es-150x93.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4813 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr.png 1471w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr-1024x251.png 1024w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr-768x188.png 768w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr-250x61.png 250w, https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/deltaQ_atr-150x37.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Por consiguiente, la masa inercial del <strong>protio<\/strong> en el Universo es aproximadamente dos veces mayor, al comparar el resultado obtenido con las mediciones m\u00e1s precisas de la <strong>\u201cconstante gravitacional\u201d<\/strong> (<em>publicadas en<\/em> <strong><em data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"303\">Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003. 91. N\u00ba20<\/em><\/strong>) para el cobre y el acero aleado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"341\" data-end=\"745\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Dado que todos los objetos sustanciales del Universo est\u00e1n formados por dos part\u00edculas \u2014el prot\u00f3n y el electr\u00f3n\u2014, y los objetos de antisustancia por antipart\u00edculas \u2014el antiprot\u00f3n y el positr\u00f3n\u2014 <em>((5) p\u00e1g. 42\u2013128,13)<\/em>, las leyes del <strong>megamundo<\/strong> son las mismas que las del <strong>micromundo<\/strong>: el principio de incertidumbre de <strong>Heisenberg<\/strong>, la ley del cuadrado inverso de la distancia y el teorema del virial (<strong>de Clausius<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"988\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">\u00ab&#8230;El resultado del c\u00e1lculo de la constante gravitacional del protio y del antiprotio, constituyentes de la sustancia y la antisustancia del Universo, resuelve el problema de la masa \u201c<strong>oculta<\/strong>\u201d, o \u201c<strong>oscura<\/strong>\u201d, o m\u00e1s precisamente, la masa \u201c<strong>viria<\/strong>l\u201d:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1007\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\">m<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><sub><em><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">(r)<\/span><\/em><\/sub><\/span><strong><em><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"> = <span style=\"font-size: 32px;\">rv<\/span>\u00b2 \/ G,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1017\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">donde:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1186\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>m<\/strong><sub>(r)<\/sub><\/em> <\/span>\u2014 masa dentro de un volumen esf\u00e9rico de radio <span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>(r)<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1186\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>V<\/strong><sub>(r)<\/sub><\/em><\/span> \u2014 velocidad de rotaci\u00f3n a una distancia <span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>(r)<\/strong><\/em><\/span> del centro <em>(de gravedad)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1186\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>G<\/strong> <\/em><\/span>\u2014 constante de gravitaci\u00f3n\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1292\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">\u00ab&#8230;Si la masa principal est\u00e1 concentrada en un volumen de radio <span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em>(r)<\/em><\/strong><\/span>, entonces, fuera de este volumen:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"1294\" data-end=\"1306\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\">V ~ <\/span><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\sqrt{r}<\/span> <\/span><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\">\u00bb.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1326\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em>((17) p\u00e1g. 629)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1328\" data-end=\"1797\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Es evidente que, si la <span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><em><strong>(G)<\/strong><\/em><\/span> del <strong>protio<\/strong> y del <strong>antiprotio<\/strong> es dos veces menor que el valor experimental m\u00e1s preciso obtenido con balanzas de torsi\u00f3n <em>(54)<\/em>, entonces la masa virial del Universo es el doble de la calculada <strong>\u201c\u2026a partir de la luminosidad de las galaxias individuales y de la relaci\u00f3n masa-luminosidad para las galaxias\u201d<\/strong> <em>((17) p\u00e1g. 623)<\/em>, <strong>(\u2026y de la constante gravitacional obtenida con balanzas de torsi\u00f3n para metales, y no para el protio <em>(Aut. N. N. Roz\u00e1nov)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1799\" data-end=\"1949\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">En el art\u00edculo <strong>\u201cEl Universo en tonos oscuros\u201d<\/strong>, del doctor en ciencias f\u00edsico-matem\u00e1ticas y especialista en cosmon\u00e1utica L.V. Ksanfomaliti, se dice:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1951\" data-end=\"2755\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">\u00abHasta los a\u00f1os 70, los astrof\u00edsicos supon\u00edan ingenuamente la existencia de la materia oscura solo en los c\u00famulos de galaxias. Luego se \u201cadmiti\u00f3\u201d tambi\u00e9n en nuestra galaxia, donde representa aproximadamente tanta masa como la materia ordinaria\u00bb <a href=\"#nota\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><sup>[nota 1]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>. \u00ab\u2026En este sentido, alrededor y dentro de nuestro sistema estelar se encuentra otra galaxia. La materia oscura no interact\u00faa con ning\u00fan tipo de radiaci\u00f3n, no emite luz y no absorbe nada. Pero est\u00e1 sujeta a la ley de gravitaci\u00f3n universal <a href=\"#nota1\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><sup>[nota 2]<\/sup><\/span><\/a> y se manifiesta concentr\u00e1ndose alrededor de galaxias y otros objetos masivos. Sin embargo, ser\u00eda m\u00e1s correcto decir que son las galaxias y otros objetos masivos los que se concentran alrededor de los c\u00famulos de la misteriosa materia oscura\u00bb. <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Revista \u201cUniverso, espacio, tiempo\u201d N\u00ba10, 2005, p\u00e1g. 7).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><sup><a id=\"nota\"><\/a>nota 1<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/em> Debe precisarse que no toda la materia \u201cgravita\u201d, sino solo aquella parte que se denomina <strong>\u201csustancia\u201d<\/strong> <em>(20)<\/em>. La \u201c<strong>sustancia<\/strong>\u201d posee una masa virial en reposo y una carga electrodin\u00e1mica <em>(magn\u00e9tica)<\/em> excedente, es decir, est\u00e1 compuesta por diadas ligadas:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"469\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\overset{\\mp}{p}\\right) + \\left(\\overset{\\pm}{e}\\right)<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"471\" data-end=\"734\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\">cuyas part\u00edculas, de acuerdo con <strong>el teorema del virial<\/strong>, giran alrededor de un centro de gravedad com\u00fan con velocidades inversamente proporcionales a sus masas en reposo. Como resultado, surge una carga excedente con el signo del lept\u00f3n de la diada, de magnitud:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\"><em><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\Delta\\overset{\\pm}{q}\\right)<\/span> \u2248 1\u00f7 2 \u00d7 10<sup>-37<\/sup><sub>(c)<\/sub>.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><sup><a id=\"nota1\"><\/a>nota 2<\/sup><\/span> <\/em><\/span><\/strong>La <strong>\u201cLey de la gravitaci\u00f3n universal\u201d<\/strong> deber\u00eda denominarse m\u00e1s bien \u201c<strong>Ley de la interacci\u00f3n universal\u201d<\/strong>, ya que la sustancia y la antisustancia se <em data-start=\"968\" data-end=\"982\">antigravitan<\/em> entre s\u00ed <em>(13), (43).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1116\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">A partir del valor calculado d<\/span><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">el coeficiente gravitacional<\/span><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">\u00a0para el protio, la masa virial del <strong>Sol<\/strong> debe ser:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>M<\/strong><em><sub>(Sol)<\/sub><\/em><strong>= 1,99 \u00d7 10<sup>30<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(kg)<\/sub><\/em><strong> + 1,99 \u00d7 10<sup>30<\/sup>\u00d7 70% = 1,99 \u00d7 10<sup>30 <\/sup>+ 1,3930 \u00d7 10<sup>30 <\/sup>\u224c 3,383 \u00d7 10<sup>30<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(kg)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right; line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">((17) p\u00e1gina 37).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">El coeficiente gravitacional del helio es:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><em>G<\/em> = 6,213116227171935 \u00d7 10<sup>-11<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><em><sub>(N \u00d7 m<sup>2<\/sup> \u00d7 kg<sup>-2<\/sup>)<\/sub><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right; line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em>(V\u00e9ase Ejemplo 6 + Ap\u00e9ndice 6).<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Por consiguiente, el <strong>helio-4<\/strong> influye en menor medida en el valor de la masa virial del Sol, pero, en caso necesario, puede calcularse f\u00e1cilmente<em> (~+7% respecto al valor obtenido con la <span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>G<\/strong><\/span> est\u00e1ndar).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Estimados visitantes, para dejar su comentario, no se requiere registro.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>La edici\u00f3n de f\u00f3rmulas matem\u00e1ticas en los comentarios se realiza en el sistema \u00abLaTeX\u00bb. Una f\u00f3rmula se abre con la palabra <\/em><\/span>katex<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em> [entre corchetes] y se cierra con <\/em><\/span>\/katex<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em> [entre corchetes].<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Si su comentario contiene un enlace, se enviar\u00e1 autom\u00e1ticamente a la carpeta de spam para su revisi\u00f3n. Sin enlaces, todos los comentarios se publican sin demora.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Numero de visitas &#8211; 115216 4.539 &#8211; Visitantes\u00a0 \u00a9 2006 Los Autores \u2013 N.N.Roz\u00e1nov, O.N.Roz\u00e1nov Las traducciones de los t\u00edtulos, de los art\u00edculos, de los libros, de las citaciones y declaraciones de los\u00a0cient\u00edficos \u2013 posiblemente\u00a0\u00a0no coinciden letra a letra\u00a0con las traducciones oficiales, si tal existieran. Estimados lectores, esta es la\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/?page_id=21\">Continuar<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":19,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5375,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions\/5375"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}