{"id":3101,"date":"2012-09-17T08:30:43","date_gmt":"2012-09-17T07:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-nnrozanov.org\/wp\/?page_id=3101"},"modified":"2025-09-28T12:23:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T11:23:59","slug":"7-%d1%80%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8c-%d1%8d%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82%d1%80%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%85-%d0%bd%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%89%d0%b5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/?page_id=3101","title":{"rendered":"El papel de los electrones en los n\u00facleos at\u00f3micos y qu\u00e9 es la \u00abindependencia de carga\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"Numero de visitas - 115710<br\/><div class='epvc-post-count'><span class='epvc-eye'><\/span>  <span class=\"epvc-count\"> 1.128<\/span><span class='epvc-label'> - Visitantes<\/span><\/div><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/E_V_R\/?page_id=3101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4638\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/flag-rus-100-50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"50\" \/><\/a> \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4637\" src=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/wp-content\/uploads\/flag-eng-100-50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"50\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"copyright_1.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/copyright.ru\/images\/TMCIMG\/copyright_1.gif\" alt=\"copyright_1.gif\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\"><strong> \u00a9 2012<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\"><strong><em>El Autor &#8211; <\/em><\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/?page_id=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 24px;\">Roz\u00e1nov Nicol\u00e1i Nicol\u00e1evich\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Las traducciones de los t\u00edtulos, de los art\u00edculos, de los libros, de las citaciones y declaraciones de los\u00a0cient\u00edficos \u2013 posiblemente\u00a0\u00a0no coinciden letra a letra\u00a0con las traducciones oficiales, si tal existieran.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"55\" data-end=\"326\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">\u00abA los f\u00edsicos con mentalidad matem\u00e1tica, que piensan que al comprender las ecuaciones ya han comprendido tambi\u00e9n la f\u00edsica\u00bb\u2026 \u00abpero la comprensi\u00f3n f\u00edsica es algo inexacto, indefinido y absolutamente no matem\u00e1tico, aunque para el f\u00edsico resulta absolutamente necesaria\u00bb<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" data-start=\"328\" data-end=\"344\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Dirac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><strong data-start=\"328\" data-end=\"342\">Paul Dirac.<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><em><strong>\u00abYa en 1920 Rutherford expres\u00f3 la hip\u00f3tesis de la posible existencia de una part\u00edcula neutra, compuesta por un prot\u00f3n y un electr\u00f3n fuertemente ligados, que formar\u00edan una d\u00edada neutra\u00bb <\/strong>((27) p\u00e1g. 6)<strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"744\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Los electrones que se encuentran en los neutrones, dentro de los n\u00facleos de los nuclidos, apantallan la repulsi\u00f3n coulombiana de los protones entre s\u00ed, la cual, a las distancias intranucleares:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 24px;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong><em>R<\/em><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><em>(p\u2194p) <\/em><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 28px;\"><strong>\u2248 1 \u00d7 10<sup>-16<\/sup><\/strong><em><sub>(<\/sub><\/em><sub><em>m)<\/em><\/sub><strong><em>,<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">alcanzar\u00eda:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 24px;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><em><strong>F<\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><em><sub>(p\u2194p)<\/sub><\/em><\/span> <strong>= <em>C<sup>2 <\/sup>\u00d7 10<sup>-7<\/sup>\u00d7 <span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">e<\/span><sup>2 <\/sup>\/ <span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">r<\/span><sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><strong>8,987551 \u00d7 10<sup>9<\/sup><\/strong><sub><strong><em>(m<sup>2<\/sup>\/s<sup>2<\/sup>) <\/em><\/strong><\/sub><strong>\u00d7 (1,6021892 \u00d7 10<sup>-19<\/sup><em><sub>(cl)<\/sub><\/em><sup>2 <\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\/<\/span>(1 \u00d7 10<sup>-16<\/sup><em><sub>(m)<\/sub><\/em>)<sup>2 <\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif;\"><strong>= 23,07113740416631 \u00d7 10<sup>3<\/sup><em><sub>(<\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub>N<\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub>)<\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Sin embargo, los electrones de los neutrones cohesionan a los protones en los n\u00facleos de los nuclidos con la fuerza indicada anteriormente <em>(v\u00e9anse los ap\u00e9ndices 3.4.5.6.).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Por supuesto, si no se toma en cuenta la afirmaci\u00f3n de los f\u00edsicos modernos de que la interacci\u00f3n coulombiana est\u00e1 ausente en los n\u00facleos at\u00f3micos, surge la pregunta: \u00bfcon qu\u00e9 fuerza deber\u00eda producirse la llamada \u00abinteracci\u00f3n fuerte\u00bb, que tendr\u00eda que superar la potent\u00edsima repulsi\u00f3n coulombiana de los protones en el n\u00facleo, e incluso superarla en varios \u00f3rdenes de magnitud!? \u00bfMediante el intercambio de piones de <strong>Hideki Yukawa<\/strong> \u2013 1949, o porque \u00ablos quarks se pegan con gluones\u00bb seg\u00fan <strong>Murray Gell-Mann<\/strong> \u2013 1969??<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Los autores del presente trabajo afirman que la llamada <em><strong>\u00abindependencia de la carga\u00bb<\/strong><\/em> es un sinsentido f\u00edsico, inventado por f\u00edsicos con mentalidad matem\u00e1tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"2048\">El siguiente capitulo &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Dejar el comentario \u2013 no hace falta registro.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Para <span class=\"st\">insertar<\/span> la ecuaci\u00f3n en los comentarios\u2013 utilizar el sistema \u00ab<a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codecogs.com\/latex\/eqneditor.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LATEX<\/a>\u00ab. La f\u00f3rmula se abre con la palabra \u2013 katex [entre] y se cierra \u2013 \/katex [\/entre].<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff0000;\"><em>Comentarios con enlaces \u2013 entraran en el correo no deseado, para verificar el contenido.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Numero de visitas &#8211; 115710 1.128 &#8211; Visitantes \u00a0 \u00a9 2012 El Autor &#8211; Roz\u00e1nov Nicol\u00e1i Nicol\u00e1evich\u00a0 Las traducciones de los t\u00edtulos, de los art\u00edculos, de los libros, de las citaciones y declaraciones de los\u00a0cient\u00edficos \u2013 posiblemente\u00a0\u00a0no coinciden letra a letra\u00a0con las traducciones oficiales, si tal existieran. \u00abA los f\u00edsicos\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/?page_id=3101\">Continuar<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":138,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3101","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3101"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5180,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3101\/revisions\/5180"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/electromagnetic-universe-by-rozanov.space\/U_E_de_R\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}